>>> r = range(3)
... list(r)
[0, 1, 2]
>>> list(r)

def add_together(first, second=0):
    return first + second

def add_together(first=0, second=0):
    return first + second

def be_explicit(*, first='', second=''):
    …

be_explicit() # ok
be_explicit(first=12) # ok
be_explicit(second=42) # ok
be_explicit(first='Laro', second='Dee') # ok
be_explicit('Tis but', 'a scratch') # TypeError, very not ok

import jars

ERROR = -1
SUCCESS = 0

def the_winter_is_coming():
    jar = jars.Jar()
    if jar.clean() == jars.ERROR:
        print("Something went terribly wrong!")
        return ERROR
    if jar.fill('python juice') == jars.ERROR:
        print("Something went terribly wrong!")
        return ERROR
    if jar.close() == jars.ERROR:
        print("Something went terribly wrong!")
        return ERROR
    return SUCCESS

import jars

def the_winter_is_coming():
    try:
        jar = jars.Jar()
        jar.clean()
        jar.fill('python juice')
        jar.close()
    except jars.Error:
        print("Something went terribly wrong!")

try:
    # блок
except Изключение/tuple от Изключения:
    # блок за хващане и обработка на някое от описаните изключения
…

except ДругоИзключение:
    # блок за хващане и обработка на някое от описаните изключения
except:
    # блок за хващане и обработка на което и да е изключение(== except BaseException)
else:
    # блок изпълняващ се, ако не е възникнала изключителна ситуация
finally:
    # блок изпълняващ се винаги

BaseException
 +-- SystemExit
 +-- KeyboardInterrupt
 +-- GeneratorExit
 +-- Exception
      +-- StopIteration
      +-- ArithmeticError
         +-- ...
      +-- AssertionError
      +-- AttributeError
      +-- NameError
         +-- UnboundLocalError
      +-- OSError
         +-- ...
      +-- RuntimeError
         +-- NotImplementedError
      +-- SyntaxError
         +-- IndentationError
              +-- TabError
      +-- SystemError
      +-- TypeError
      +-- ValueError
         +-- ...
      +-- Warning
           +-- ...

try:
    x = [] / 4
except TypeError as data:
    print(data)

try:
    doomed()
except (NameError, TypeError) as data:
    print(data)
except (MyError, YourError):
    print("Opps! This shouldn't have hapenned...")
except:
    print("Unknown exception.")
else:
    print("It's my happy day!")

file = open('data.txt')
try:
    e.load_info(file)
except IOError as data:
    print("Couldn't read from file:", data)
except (e.BadDataError, e.InternalError) as data:
    print('Loading failed:', data)
else:
    print('Data loaded successfully from file.')
finally:
    file.close()

class WinterError(Exception):
    def __init__(self):
        self.issuer, self.message = 'You are', 'NOT PREPARED!!11!едно!1'

class WildlingError(WinterError):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.message = 'We are going to light the biggest fire the North has ever seen!1!!'

class YgetteError(WildlingError):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.message = 'You know nothing, John Snow!'

class WhiteWalkerError(WinterError):
    pass

def winter_is_coming(): raise WinterError

def winter_is_here(): raise WhiteWalker()

try:
    bender.live_a_day()
except BenderError:
    bender.boned = True
    # Бендър не може да се оправя с това, нека тези отгоре да се грижат
    raise

try:
    source_file = open(src, 'r')
    buffer = []
    try:
        buffer = source_file.readlines()
    finally:
        source_file.close()

    target_file = open(target, 'w')
    try:
        for line in reversed(buffer):
            target_file.write(line)
    finally:
        target_file.close()
except IOError:
    print("Tough luck, junior")

buffer = []
try:
    with open(src) as source_file:
        buffer = source_file.readlines()
    with open(target) as target_file:
        for line in reversed(buffer):
            target_file.write(line)
except IOError:
    print("Much better, now, ain't it?")

with израз [as име]:
   блок

with open('/etc/passwd') as source_file:
    buffer = source_file.readlines()
print('Done!')

source_file = open('/etc/passwd').__enter__()
try:
  buffer = source_file.readlines()
  source_file.__exit__(None, None, None)
except Exception:
  source_file.__exit__(*sys.exc_info())
print('Done!')

class Manager:
    def __enter__(self):
        print("I've been entered!") # iYKwIM
        return 42
    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        print("I've been exited!")

with Manager() as something:
    print("Am I inside?")
    print(something)

# I've been entered!
# Am I inside?
# 42
# I've been exited!

with foo() as f, bar() as b:
   ...

with foo() as f:
    with bar() as b:
       ...

class closing(object):
  def __init__(self, thing):
      self.thing = thing

  def __enter__(self):
      return self.thing

  def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
      self.thing.close()

from contextlib import closing
from urllib.request import urlopen

with closing(urlopen('http://www.python.org')) as page:
    for line in page:
        print(line)